Venography

What the imaging showed, what was done, and what happened afterwards. Every case is anonymised and published with the patient’s written consent.

Varicocele Embolization

Bilateral varicocele embolization through one femoral access

Indication: Bilateral Varicocele with Pain and Impaired Semen Parameters
Treatment: Left First, Then Right, Through a Single Femoral Access
Follow-up: Doppler Follow-up at One, Three and Six Months

Pelvic Congestion Syndrome

Bilateral ovarian vein embolization for pelvic congestion

Indication: Lower abdominal pain and pain during intercourse lasting for years
Treatment: Bilateral treatment through a single jugular access
Follow-up: Marked improvement at one month, no recurrence at one year

Varicocele Embolization

Recurrent varicocele embolization after two prior surgeries

Indication: Persistent symptoms despite three treatments
Treatment: Step-by-step venous mapping through jugular access
Follow-up: Final venography and follow-up

Pelvic Congestion Syndrome

Nutcracker syndrome: ovarian vein embolization and renal stent

Indication: Presentation with flank pain, abdominal pain and proteinuria
Treatment: First-stage embolization, second-stage renal vein stenting
Follow-up: Marked reduction in pain and normalisation of kidney assessment within a few weeks

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